Structuring an argument
Firstly, in addition, in conclusion, essay architecture.
The rules
- Ordering points: "Firstly, … Secondly, …". "At first" means "in the beginning (but later it changed)".
- Adding a supporting point: "In addition" / "Moreover" / "Furthermore".
- "On the other hand" signals the opposing view.
- Giving examples: "such as + nouns".
- Closing an essay: "In conclusion" / "To sum up". "At the end" refers to physical position or time.
- "For example" (or "e.g.") drops straight in between commas.
Examples
- Firstly, remote work saves commuting time. Secondly, it cuts office costs.
- The plan is cheap. In addition, it is easy to implement.
- On the other hand,
- Many cities, such as Amsterdam and Copenhagen, invest heavily in cycling.
- In conclusion, the benefits clearly outweigh the drawbacks.
- Some sports, for example tennis, require expensive equipment.
Quick check
Pick an answer to see the rule behind it.
1._____, remote work saves commuting time. Secondly, it cuts office costs.
2.The plan is cheap. _____, it is easy to implement.
3.Which phrase introduces a counter-argument?
4.Many cities, _____ Amsterdam and Copenhagen, invest heavily in cycling.
5._____, the benefits clearly outweigh the drawbacks.